Annex 4: Selected Standards In The Digitization Process
  
This list is not comprehensive
and provides only a snapshot of a subset of the many standards
that departments involved in digitization and information
management will encounter. In many cases, there are significant
variations even within the standards, for example between
different versions of MS-Word, compression formats used in TIFF,
or the extensions to Internet mail. Some of these are de facto
standards, others are de jure, while still others are significant
marketplace standards.
Some categories of standards have
not been included in areas such as colour information
interchange, storage (e.g. CD-ROM/DVD), application protocol
interfaces (APIs), commerce/EDI, data protection, encryption,
authorization, authentication, groupware and collaboration, and
the various hybrids and extensions that surround all of the below
categories and standards. There are many emerging media formats
for compound documents and maintaining complex relationships
between digital objects, as well as new computing languages which
have also not been mentioned.
OSI and Internet Data Transfer
Standards
- Transport Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- Telnet
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- File Transfer, Access and
Management (FTAM - OSI)
- Gopher
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)
- Multimedia Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME)
- Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP)
- X.400 Mail (OSI)
- Machine Readable Cataloging
(MARC) standards
Character Set Standards
- ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange) (ISO 641)
- ISO Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1:1987
part 1)
- UNICODE (ISO 10646-1
Universal Character Set)
Document Interchange Standards
- ASCII
- Rich Text Format (RTF)
- Wordprocessing Formats
(examples: MS-Word, WordPerfect, Wordstar)
- Desktop Publishing Formats
(examples: PageMaker, Ventura, QuarkExpress)
- Structured Formats
(examples: SGML, HTML, XML)
- Page Description Formats
(examples: LaTeX/TeX, Postscript, PDF)
Audio Interchange Standards
- Audio Interchange File
Format (AIFF)
- mLaw (AU: Sun format)
- WAVE (WAV: Microsoft)
- RealAudio (RA)
Image Interchange Standards
- CCITT Group 4 Fax
- Computer Graphics Metafile
(CGM)
- Graphic Interchange Format
(GIF)
- Joint Photographic Experts
Group (JPEG)
- PhotoCD
- Portable Network Graphics
(PNG)
- Tagged Image File Format
(TIFF)
Moving Image and Multimedia
Standards
- Audio-Video Interleaved
(AVI)
- Graphic Interchange Format
(GIF) 89a (animated GIF)
- Motion Picture Experts Group
(MPEG)
- QuickTime (MOV)
- Realvideo
- Shockwave
3-Dimensional Standards
- Virtual Reality Modeling
Language (VRML)
- QuickTime Virtual Reality
Data Streaming Standards
- Real Time Streaming Protocol
(RTSP)
- NetShow Standard
Navigation and Retrieval
Standards
- Common Indexing Protocol
- Z39.50: ANSI/NISO
Information Retrieval Standard
- Z39.59: ANSI/NISO Common
Command Language Standard
- ISO 10160/10161 Interlibrary
Loan Protocol
- Structured Query Language
(SQL)
Directory Standards
- ISO 9594 Directory Standard
- LDAP: Lightweight Directory
Access Protocol
- WHOIS, WHOIS++
Metadata Standards
- Dublin Core/Warwick
Framework
- Encoded Archival Description
(EAD) (SGML DTD)
- Government Information
Locator Service (GILS)
- Meta Content Framework (MCF)
- Platform for Internet
Content Selection (PICS)
- Summary Object Interchange
Format (SOIF)
- Text Encoding Initiative
(TEI) headers (SGML DTD)
- Uniform Resource
Characteristics (URC)
Locator Standards
- International Standard
Bibliographic Number (ISBN)
- International Standard
Serial Number (ISSN)
- Uniform Resource Locators
(URL)
- Persistent Uniform Resource
Locators (PURL)
- ANSI/NISO Z39.56-1996
Version 2 SICI: Serial Item and Contribution Identifier
- Uniform Resource Names (URN)
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