5.A.1. Functional Area A: Level 1 Bibliographic Search and Retrieval
Level 1 inherits all Level 0 search and retrieval requirements. Conformance with Level 1 Search enables basic and more precise Author, Title, and Subject searching as well as Standard Number and Date of Publication. Level 1 enhances keyword searching by providing truncation of words. To assist in understanding server behavior and results when using the Truncation and Completeness Attribute values, see Appendix A, Examples of Using Truncation and Completion.
Z39.50 Version 3 is required.
Level 1 requires Z-clients and Z-servers to recognize Character Set and Language Negotiation.
Level 1 Retrieval requires:
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Z-clients to support MARC21 and SUTRS
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Z-servers to support MARC21.
Level 1 Searching requires the following bib-1 Attributes Types and Values:
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
4 |
title |
| 21 |
subject heading |
| 31 |
date of publication |
| 1003 |
author |
| 1007 |
identifier-standard |
| 1016 |
any |
| Relation (2) |
1 |
less than |
| 2 |
less than or equal |
| 3 |
equal |
|
4 |
greater than or equal |
| 5 |
greater than |
| Position (3) |
1 |
first in field |
| 3 |
any position in field |
| Structure (4) |
1 |
phrase |
| 2 |
word |
| 4 |
year |
| Truncation (5) |
1 |
right truncation |
| 100 |
do not truncate |
| Completeness (6) |
1 |
incomplete subfield |
| 3 |
complete field |
Combinations of these Attributes Types and Values express the semantics of fifteen Level 1 Searches detailed below:
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Author Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
-
Author Search -- Exact Match
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Author Search -- First Words in Field
-
Author Search -- First Characters in Field
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Title Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
-
Title Search -- Exact Match
-
Title Search -- First Words in Field
-
Title Search -- First Characters in Field
-
Subject Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
-
Subject Search -- Exact Match
-
Subject Search -- First Words in Field
-
Subject Search -- First Characters in Field
-
Any Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
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Standard Identifier Search
-
Date of Publication Search
Level 1 requires the use of SCAN as detailed in Section 5.A.1.SCAN, Functional Area A: Level 1 Use of SCAN. Use of SCAN is a mechanism to browse indexes for authors, titles, subjects, and keywords when the searcher is not sure of how a term may be indexed in a database. A SCAN may be followed by a subsequent search once the appropriate term has been identified.
For the precision title searches described below, search results may show some variance because of the use of an initial article in a query. For example, if a client sends a title search that includes an initial article, the results may be variable depending, for example, on the language of the work for which the title is being searched and/or the indexing practice of the target database.
Operands can be formulated using searches defined for different levels of conformance (e.g., in Level 1 an operand to express a Title Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation combined with an operand from level 0 to express a Subject Keyword Search). Each operand specifies all attribute values as prescribed for the defined searches.
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5.A.1.1. Author Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
Uses: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain the name of a person or entity responsible for a resource.
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
1003 |
author |
| Relation (2) |
3 |
equal |
| Position (3) |
3 |
any position in field |
| Structure (4) |
2 |
word |
| Truncation (5) |
1 |
right truncation |
| Completeness (6) |
1 |
incomplete subfield |
5.A.1.2. Author Search -- Exact Match
Uses: Searches for the complete string as specified in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. This search is needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from an author index (e.g., from a SCAN).
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
1003 |
author |
| Relation (2) |
3 |
equal |
| Position (3) |
1 |
first in field |
| Structure (4) |
1 |
phrase |
| Truncation (5) |
100 |
do not truncate |
| Completeness (6) |
3 |
complete field |
5.A.1.3. Author Search -- First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in author fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when you know the surname and first name of an author but not necessarily a complete name.
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
1003 |
author |
| Relation (2) |
3 |
equal |
| Position (3) |
1 |
first in field |
| Structure (4) |
1 |
phrase |
| Truncation (5) |
100 |
do not truncate |
| Completeness (6) |
1 |
incomplete subfield |
5.A.1.4. Author Search -- First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in author fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher wants to retrieve all names beginning with a common stem or when a partial name is known (e.g., complete last name, first initial or other name).
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
1003 |
author |
| Relation (2) |
3 |
equal |
| Position (3) |
1 |
first in field |
| Structure (4) |
1 |
phrase |
| Truncation (5) |
1 |
right truncation |
| Completeness (6) |
1 |
incomplete field |
5.A.1.5. Title Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
Uses: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain a title of a resource.
| Attribute Type |
Attribute Values |
Attribute Names |
| Use (1) |
4 |
title |
| Relation (2) |
3 |
equal |
| Position (3) |
3 |
any position in field |
| Structure (4) |
2 |
word |
| Truncation (5) |
1 |
right truncation |
| Completeness (6) |
1 |
incomplete subfield |
|
