<% =Title %> <% =Blurb %>		Acadians: See more info French-speaking inhabitants of the region in Canada formerly known as Acadia: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. acre A measure of land: 4,425.7sq. meters (4,840sq. yards.). algae A diverse group of plants (including those commonly called seaweeds) that shows great variety of form, ranging from single-celled organisms to multicellular seaweeds of considerable size and complexity. anadromous An adjective describing fish that swim up a river from the sea to spawn. They are as comfortable in saltwater as they are in freshwater. anterior Situated toward the front (opposite of posterior) arthropod An invertebrate animal with a segmented body, jointed limbs, and an external skeleton. (e.g. an insect, spider, or crustacean). Atlantic Canada The Atlantic provinces of Canada consist of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. Basin Head Fisheries Museum: See more info Basin Head Fisheries Museum, located near Souris, contains displays and artifacts relating to the fishery of Prince Edward Island. British North America The 19th century name for the colonies of the British Empire in North America. In 1867, four of these colonies united to form the new country of Canada. Today, all of what was British North America is part of Canada. cartilage A firm, elastic, semi-opaque connective tissue of the vertebrate body. chaloupes Called a "shallop" in English, these types of boats were popular with Acadian fishermen. They were small ships of only five or six tons with a crew of two or three people. Chaloupes were undecked, like a canoe or rowboat, and rarely went very far from shore. However, they were still tough enough to rough out large storms and high waves. The British also used the shallop for fishing throughout the nineteenth century. These ships were almost identical to the French chaloupes. chemoreceptor An organ which detects chemicals at very low concentrations. crustacean An arthropod of the phylum Crustacea, crustaceans have a hard shell and are usually aquatic. (lobsters, crabs, and shrimp are crustaceans) D-Day The invasion of Normandy, commonly known as D-Day, was one of the pivotal events of the Second World War. Code-named "Operation Overlord," the Allied forces invaded German-held France from the sea on June 6, 1944. dorsal To do with the top surface, on top of (opposite to ventral) dory: See more info One of the most common fishing vessels used in Atlantic Canada. goelette A larger ship employed by Acadian fishermen. These vessels were two-masted and between 20 to 50 tons. The sails were triangular in shape, a style called "lateen rigging." Goelettes were usually manned by a crew of about five men and were used for the off-shore fishery. Great Depression The Depression of the 1930’s was one of the greatest economic collapses of the Western world. In October 1929, the New York Stock Exchange crashed and caused a domino effect around the globe. Until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the economy of Western countries struggled and poverty was commonplace. hormones In the case of aquaculture, hormones are used as a synthetic substance for regulating the sex drive. invertebrate An animal not having a backbone or spinal column. Isle St. Jean (St. John's Island) The French name for Prince Edward Island in the 1600's and 1700's. Jacques Cartier A French explorer, Cartier was the first to establish France's claim in the New World. larva(e) An immature form of an animal that undergoes some metamorphosis. livre An French form of currency used in the 17th and 18th centuries. Maritime: See more info A name which refers to the East Coast of Canada, encompassing the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Merchant Marine The Merchant Marine is the fleet of ships, which carries imports and exports during peacetime and becomes a naval auxiliary during wartime to deliver troops and war material. Members of the Merchant Marine would have received training in some naval skills. Mi’kmaq (also Micmac): See more info A native tribe of the Maritime region of Canada. The Mi’kmaq arrived on Prince Edward Island approximately two thousand years ago and subsisted on a hunting and fishing economy. mollusc Any invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, molluscs have a hard shell and a soft body. (mussels, oysters, and clams are molluscs) New World After Christopher Columbus’ historic voyage in 1492, the newly discovered Americas were referred to as the New World by Europeans. (see Old World) Nova Scotia: See more info Eastern Canadian province. The capital city of Halifax sits on the largest natural ice-free harbour in North America. Old World The Old World refers to Europe. Europeans referred to their region as the Old World in contrast to the New World which had been recently discovered by European explorers. (see New World) pathogens A disease causing agent. PEI (Prince Edward Island): See more info P.E.I is the smallest province of Canada. Located on the east coast of Canada, the Island is surrounded by water, the Atlantic Ocean and the Northumberland Strait. Fishing was the first commercial activity to take place on PEI and continues to be important to the Island's economy. pH pH is a scale from 0-14 for measuring acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7 is neutral, above 7 is alkaline, and below 7 is acidic. examples: - distilled water has a pH of 7 - acid rain has a pH of 5 - soap has a pH of 9.5 posterior Situated toward the back (opposite of anterior) pound sterling (£) The form of currency used in Great Britain. Prince Edward Island also used the pound until it joined Canada in 1873. After this date, the Canadian dollar became the Island's main form of currency. In the 1800's, a pound could be worth as much as four American or Canadian dollars. Prohibition A time period during which alcohol such as beer and wine was outlawed by the government. Each province decided on its own whether or not to have Prohibition. Prohibition on PEI lasted a very long time, from 1901 until 1948. During the Prohibition years, some Island fishermen would try to make extra money by transporting liquor onto the Island to sell illegally. quintal A measurement equal to about 45kg (about 100 lbs.). Quintals were a common measurement for dried cod. Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 A trade agreement worked out between British North America and the United States in 1854. The Treaty encouraged American fishing ships to base themselves on the Island, and helped jump-start the Island fishing industry. Reciprocity ended in 1866, when America, preoccupied with rebuilding after the devastating Civil War of 1860-1865, decided not to renew the agreement salinity To measure the salinity of an area of water is to measure the amount of salt with which it is saturated: a solution of salt in water. seed One of the early stages of mussel development. When the seedlings have matured, they are considered juvenile mussels or spat. Seven Years War The Seven Years War (1756-1763) was a war which was fought by Britain, Prussia, and Hanover, against Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Spain. With the conclusion of fighting, England emerged as the leading power in the Old World with expanded colonies in North America. shoal A school of fish. spat The spawn of shellfish. spawn the act of producing and fertilizing eggs in fish, molluscs, and crustaceans. Spawn can also refer to the eggs or offspring themselves. sterile Unable to reproduce offspring or young of their own. Treaty of Washington A trade agreement worked out between British North America and the United States in 1871. The colony of Prince Edward Island had very little influence on the negotiations, and was not happy with all the provisions that had been agreed to. ventral To do with the bottom surface, below (opposite to dorsal) weir An enclosure of stakes and netting set in a body of water and designed to catch fish.