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The Champlain and Saint Lawrence Railroad was the first public railway in Canada. It opened in 1836 and ran between La Prairie and St-Jean, Quebec on wooden rails with iron straps.
The first train to cross Canada was a Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) train that departed from Montréal's Dalhousie Station on the evening of June 28, 1886. It had taken 12,000 men, 5,000 horses, and 300 dog-sled teams to build the railway.
I Was There
"For more than a mile outside of Winnipeg, we passed crowds of people who had gathered along the line to see the first through train, and I began to feel myself quite an historical character: the event seemed one of such marked importance to this section of the country."
From Ontario to the Pacific by the C.P.R., by Mrs. Arthur Spragge. Toronto: C. Blackett Robinson, 1887, p. 27-28
Field Trip
The oldest surviving locomotive built in Canada, similar to the ones that pulled the first train across Canada in 1886, is in the Canadian Railway Museum at Delson/St-Constant, Quebec.
Visit the website ARCHIVED - Canada, by Train